The objective of the Second Governance and Institutional Development Project is to improve the efficiency and transparency of government and selected public services in Madagascar in line with the Madagascar Action Plan (MAP). There are five components to the project. The first component is the improvement of public expenditure management. The objective of this component is to continue to support in a holistic manner the reform of the public expenditure management system in Madagascar. The reference point for the reform is the Priority Action Plan (PAP) which is developed by the Ministry of Finance since 2004 on an annual basis and supported by the development partners including the World Bank. The second component is the strengthening the efficiency of government operations. The objective of this component is to support the change management and institutional development processes in the context of the implementation of the Government's development strategy, the MAP. It builds on activities piloted under the first Governance and Institutional Development Program (PGDI) and will include leadership training and development for senior government officials to manage and implement far-reaching reforms. The third component is the rule of law and fight against corruption. The objective of the component is to assist government in promoting transparency, accountability and good governance, and in particular, in reducing corruption. Project assistance will build on the activities initiated under the first PGDI and mainly focus on improving the operational efficiency of the judiciary, on supporting anti-corruption and conflict-of-interest activities, and on strengthening oversight by the Auditor General and by Parliament over State affairs. The fourth component is the transparency and social accountability. The component aims at fostering increased implication of civil society in state affairs and at improving social accountability which are key objectives of the MAP. The support will focus on activities that are destined to strengthen civil society's capacity to play a meaningful role in monitoring and providing feedback on government activities. Finally, the fifth component is the monitoring & evaluation.